NATIONALIZING THE LANDS AS AN ACTUAL INSTANCE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY (ANFAL), IS IN SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE. ACCORDING TO IRAN’S FORESTS AND RANGELANDS NATIONALIZATION LAW ADOPTED IN 17 JANUARY 1963, ALL NATURAL FORESTS, RANGELANDS, AND WOODLANDS WITHIN IRAN’S NATIONAL BORDERS BELONG TO THE STATE. NEVERTHELESS, THE RECENT DECADES HAVE BEEN WITNESS TO INCREASING VIOLATION OF NATIONAL LANDS, AND THIS ISSUE HAS LED TO A WIDESPREAD PHENOMENON NOTORIOUSLY KNOWN AS SPECULATION.IN THIS PAPER, INFORMATION OBTAINED BY LIBRARY STUDIES AND ProcessED BY DATA COLLECTION CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES ARE USED TO MAKE AN INFERENTIAL ASSESSMENT ON FACTORS INVOLVED WITH incapability OF CRIMINAL POLICY OF IRAN IN PROTECTING NATIONAL LANDS IN LEGISLATIVE, JUDICIAL AND EXECUTIVE ASPECTS.THIS STUDY CONCLUDES THAT ADOPTING A COHERENT AND EFFICIENT CRIMINAL POLICY REGARDING THIS ISSUE WILL HAVE A GREAT IMPACT ON PREVENTION OF ILLEGAL SEIZURE OF NATIONAL LAND AND ENCOUNTER WITH AGGRESSORS OF NATIONAL LAND. SOME FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES SUCH AS THE LACK OF PROPORTIONALITY OF OFFENCE AND PUNISHMENT, THE LACK OF TIME LIMIT FOR OBJECTION TO THE DECISIONS ABOUT RECOGNITION OF NATIONAL LANDS, THE LAW STRENGTHENING THE ILLEGAL SEIZURE OF NATIONAL LAND, ABSENCE OF EXPERT BRANCHES OF THE COURT, AND THE LACK OF A COMPLETE LAND DATABASE, CAUSE SEVERAL PROBLEMS IN PROTECTING NATIONAL LANDS, AND THE RESULT IS ENVIRONMENTAL INSECURITY, DUST STORMS, REDUCED QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF GROUNDWATER SOURCES AND DESERTIFICATION BY SOIL EROSION.